Web Site Development Essay Research Paper I free essay sample

Site Development Essay, Research Paper I propose to build up a site for anybody in the sunglass, contact focal point, hued contact focal point or laser vision amendment showcase. The majority of import attributes remembered for this site must be: retirement funds, comfort and top quality stocks. It is important to tie all features of the site together wonderfully. By this I mean the customer must hold the capacity to purchase anytime In the site, each piece great as the capacity to get wherever from wherever. We should draw our accessible stocks and administrations in such a way as to do it a? Easy decision? for anybody. Our accessible stocks must be sketched out from the approaching. In the event that merchants request to be reached to build up a general relationship so this must be taken consideration of each piece in a matter of seconds as could be expected under the circumstances. We should quantify which stocks will boost our overall gain, which will amplify our attractiveness and which are only of need to convey. We should build up a database of stocks and keep up money related qualities, additional items and minuss orchestrating ly. One help I had in head was to build up a free administration for anybody inspired by optical maser vision amendment. We can build up an application where the patient data sources his/her doctor? s composed Rx or their contact focal point box/bottle solution, and we can take this data and build up a sort of the internet consolidate message. By this I mean, we can guide them an email reaction with respect to their present oculus status, the best appropriate careful process for their status, history of other? s w/their Rx A ; results also, perhaps even doctors in their nation. I comprehend this may detract from the exposure of INSIGHT, yet recover, anything free? bolsters em? returning! ! This will additionally offering device to pull individuals in, rather than a help. Plus, some creation organization or another could be contracted out to create pictures which we could offer to campaigners, doctors, sawboness, and so on? Dr. Sopher could build up an image coordinated to rehearsing oculists intrigued by net incomes strategies in the examination room.

Final Exam Prep Questions

1) The term direct in correspondence implies A. the volume at which a message is gotten B. the setting of the correspondence C. the way toward changing musings into images D. the medium through which a message makes a trip from sender to collector 2) where of the accompanying correspondence exercises do individuals spend the best percent of their day? A. Listening B. Composing C. Understanding D. Talking 3) A receiver’s reaction to a sender’s message is known as A. encoding B. interpreting C. criticism D. channel 4) With this kind of reaction, you break down or show the sender the reason for their concern.A. Assessing B. Deciphering C. Summarizing D. Addressing 5) This happens when you get, build importance from, and react to the sender’s message. A. Hearing B. Going to C. Listening D. Reacting 6) When the collector utilizes this reaction style, he explains or looks for more data. A. Assessing B. Supporting C. Summarizing D. Addressing 7) Which of coming up next are the most widely recognized kinds of questions individuals may have about a source? A. Status and scholastic degree B. Occupation and business C. Noticeable quality in the field of study and experience D. Ability and exactness ) Which of coming up next is the most dependable wellspring of data? A. Wikipediaâ ® B. A blog C. A book suggested by your teacher D. Britannica Onlineâ ® BCOM 275 Final Exam 9) Consider the accompanying trade: â€Å"How do I realize God exists? How would you know he doesn’t? † Which deception does the subsequent articulation delineate? A. Fussbudget deception B. Tricky slant C. Losing the weight of confirmation D. Irregularity name-calling 10) Stating somebody has negative highlights and his case is invalid is a case of which paradox? A. Slanderous B. Hereditary false notion C. Misrepresentation D. Bogus issue Highlight Article Fin 486 Final Exam11) Consider the accompanying explanation: â€Å"So imagine a scenario where the Senator acknowledged a little payoff moneyâ€most lawmakers are degenerate all things considered. † This is a case of which error? A. Contention from begrudge B. Contention from convention C. Contention from normal practice D. Misrepresentation BCOM275 Final Exam 12) Consider the accompanying proclamation: â€Å"Studies affirm what everybody definitely knows: Smaller class sizes improve students. † This is a case of which misrepresentation? A. Contention from normal practice B. Making one wonder C. Losing the weight of evidence D.Slippery slant 13) Audience examination ought to happen when in the production of a message? A. When criticism is gotten B. Before the message is sent C. Before the message is made D. In the wake of choosing the channel 14) Behavior portrayals should meet which of the accompanying models? A. Present derivations about anotherâ⠂¬â„¢s intentions. B. Depict just noticeable practices. C. Incorporate terms, for example, â€Å"never, consistently, or continually. † D. Concentrate on more than one conduct. 15) A successful message ought to be A. subject based B. crowd focused C. time-focused D. channel-centered 6) Which casual correspondence channel includes its own contractions to oblige the predetermined number of characters accessible in some random message? A. Email B. Instant message C. Phone message D. Manually written letters 17) Sound and light waves are a case of which part of the correspondence model? A. Encoding B. Channel C. Clamor D. Unraveling 18) In this channel of correspondence, messages are conveyed by sound and light waves. A. Video chat B. Phone message C. Printed copy reminders D. Eye to eye 19) A system for putting the entirety of your data together in a legitimate grouping is known as A. a presentation B. a postulation C. focal thought D. a framework 20) Which verbal help separates complex procedures or ideas into their segment parts to guarantee understanding? A. Correlations B. Examinations C. Depictions D. Definitions 21) What kind of language is utilized when speaking with cohorts, associates, family, and companions? A. Official B. Casual C. Formal D. Stylized 22) The implication of words, for example, thin or slender spotlights on the A. genuine importance B. denotative significance C. enthusiastic importance D. relevant significance 23) If you attempt to convince your cohorts to give canned products for the hungry in your locale, your point is one of A. olicy B. certainty C. esteem D. poignancy 24) Persuasive themes that endeavor to show a crowd of people that something is acceptable, awful, right, or wrong are subjects of A. cause-impact B. actuality C. esteem D. strategy 25) If you utilize just a couple of guides to speak to the entire of the end, you are submitting this coherent false notion. A. Either/or thinking B. Tricky incline C. Defective causa tion D. Hurried speculation 26) What coherent false notion can happen when a speaker centers around similitudes and overlooks critical contrasts? A. Either/or thinking B. Hurried speculation C. Broken correlation D. Tricky incline 7) When you show ethos in your enticing introduction, you have A. believability B. feeling C. proof D. rationale 28) Developing culturally diverse ability incorporates which of the accompanying? A. Beating individual predispositions B. Strolling on eggs C. Isolating society from correspondence D. Utilizing hot catch words 29) An endeavor to describe reasons for occasions to either characters or outside circumstances is known as A. projection B. specific consideration C. attribution mistake D. radiance impact 30) Groups that esteem higher force separation accept connections are A. independent B. casual C. progressive D. elationship arranged 31) What is the conviction that laws are supported in the event that they keep an individual from hurting oneself know n as? A. Offense guideline B. Legitimate moralism C. Mischief guideline D. Legitimate paternalism 32) What is the conviction that right good standards are those acknowledged by the right religion known as? A. Strict absolutism B. Uprightness morals C. Strict relativism D. Moral relativism 33) The act of utilizing a case that has just been chosen as a guide when choosing new cases is alluded to as A. legitimate ethical quality B. legitimate paternalism C. causation rule D. claim to point of reference

The Role of the Quantity Surveying Profession within the contemporary Built Environment

Before examining the job of the amount assessor, it’s imperative to get a thought regarding the manufactured condition where the amount assessor works. Essentially the fabricated condition implies human made structures, urban areas, streets and environmental factors and so forth that could give a domain to their exercises. The idea of the manufactured condition was presented in Greece in numerous hundreds of years prior during the time spent building up their urban communities utilizing lattice plans. In any case, the cutting edge idea of fabricated condition is unquestionably more intricate than that. Thinking about the contemporary fabricated condition, with tremendous increment of the populace on the planet in the course of the only remaining century human wants are ascended and turned out to be progressively muddled. Correspondingly need to have houses, urban communities, streets, which is called assembled condition, has become habitual part of human life. Since the Quantity Surveyor is a noteworthy character of developing that fabricated condition, he/she needs to assume a crucial job in it. The Origin of the Quantity Surveying What is the amount studying? As indicated by the Seeley (1997), Quantity Surveying is a calling which would set up an exact bill of amounts to be estimated by offering temporary workers and who might gauge and worth any varieties that may happen during the advancement of the works. Be that as it may, while thinking about the historical backdrop of this calling, the birthplace of amount looking over conveys us route back to the seventeenth century. In 1666 after the Great Fire, London was under rebuilding process it required immense no. of laborers like artisans, craftsmen and other tradesmen. Before the 1666 all the laborers referenced above got paid regular routine. Be that as it may, the enormous measure of work expected to reestablish the city after the fire, it caused governors to reconsider to and chose to pay every specialist for the amount of work they had done. It implied for the benefit of the compensation laborers had been paid for the measure of carpentry, workmanship and different works they had done. In this way one individual needed to peruse the drawings of the structures and remove the amount of work every single exchange the development and simultaneously he needed to set up a gauge for the absolute expense. What's more, the Quantity Surveying calling was advanced to the present status after that occurrence. History of the Quantity Surveying In mid 70’s there was a misconception about the calling that accepting the â€Å"valuation† and the â€Å"measurement† are covering the entire region of amount looking over. Hence amount looking over calling was featured distinctly for its â€Å"Technical† job all through that period. In any case, estimation and valuation are just two capacities performed by amount assessors. On account of this nature, numerous individuals accepted that the capacities done by the amount assessor can be embraced by any individual or machine that can perform number-crunching estimations, similar to a PC. â€Å"The QS isn't a need in the request for things. Any advantageous and modest technique for increasing drawings and details and setting duplicates in the hands of every estimator would answer a similar reason and dispose of the QS for good† (Anon, 1889 refered to in Wood, 2008). Changing jobs of Quantity Surveying Notwithstanding all the above questions amount studying calling was endure and by and by viewed as one of the most costly calling in the development business. Additionally amount studying is being known as a unique calling and its aptitudes area had gone for various changes in the course of the most recent decade or somewhere in the vicinity. Smith (2004) referenced that the amount looking over calling has looked to extensive changes in the course of the most recent decade regarding degree and the kind of commitments gave inside and outside the development procedure. Ashworth (1981) called attention to the changing job of the amount assessor in late past has been critical. Conventional jobs of Quantity Surveying Amount Surveyor Is the individual who giving advices and getting ready archives with respect to cost assessing and money related segment of the development procedure. Thirty years prior the job of amount assessor was to plan Bill of Quantities and giving Final Accounts as it were. â€Å"The customary job of amount assessor is the expert who gives counsel about expense and budgetary administration for the development procedure. The customary administrations gave are viewed as of a specialized premise, for example, setting up the cost arrangement and the bills of amounts, delicate documentation and delicate evaluation, between time installments, estimating and esteeming varieties, exhorting on foreseen last expenses and setting up the last account† (Burnside and Westcott, 1999). Capabilities of Quantity Surveying Amount assessors are additionally notable as a development financial analysts who perform different and wide scope of obligations to help the practical development ventures. The center capabilities of amount looking over calling, for example, deciding the financial plans of activities, estimating venture amounts, planning Bills of Quantities, cost control records, administrating contracts, and getting ready last records, and so on ought to be kept up and improved so as to adjust to changes in numerous regions of the development business since the amount surveyor’s achievement depends not just the abilities which he/she has. Experts should be unquestionably increasingly versatile and ready to change their standard work rehearses than previously (Smith, 2004). Additionally the RICS has presented and featured some fundamental and discretionary center capabilities that expected of amount assessors to upgrade their capacity to confront the changing development industry and they are as per the following. Capabilities expected of Quantity Surveyors for proficient Competency (RICS) Essential skills Center abilities Discretionary abilities Individual and relational abilities Development contract practice Discretion and other contest goals methodology Business abilities Development innovation and natural administrations Advancement examination Information, data and data innovation Financial matters of development Offices the board Proficient practice Acquirement and monetary administration Indebtedness Law Protection Estimation Venture the executives Mapping Property speculation financing Research procedures and strategies Valuation Tax collection remittances and awards Aside from that, Information Technology has had tremendous effect on amount looking over calling as if it is spread out everywhere throughout the development business. Smith (2004; 2006) keep accentuated that all the experts ought to have the information on the most proficient method to utilize the AUTOCAD appropriately and precisely and be a skill in the field of development without postponing. (Odeyinka, 2008) Expressed that, financially evolved programming bundles are accessible worldwide to improve the exhibition of amount assessors. Frei, (2009) likewise expressed that with the expectation of building up the efficiency and elite of the business it is important to put resources into data innovation (IT) and data correspondence innovation (ICT). RICS (1991) In 1990s and 2000s, Quantity Surveyors ought to be increasingly imaginative, all the more master dynamic and progressively versatile to take care of the issues and the changing of customer necessities. New abilities and administrations will be dynamically evolved from constant research and improvements of new strategies. Developing jobs of Quantity Surveying The amount studying calling has had the option to develop and broaden into new regions of working on, giving a more extensive scope of administrations, with the advanced amount assessor covering all parts of venture cost the executives, acquirement and agreement the board (Lee, Trench and Willis 2011) (Menaha Thayaparan, et.al2011) â€Å"Deviating from its customary â€Å"technical† job, during mid-80’s RICS has advanced the job of the Quantity Surveyor as â€Å"the Building Economist†, â€Å"Cost Engineer†, â€Å"Procurement consultant† and as a â€Å"Cost Consultant† (RICS, 1986; RICS, 1991). These jobs have credited to a greater degree a â€Å"managerial† picture to the amount studying profession.† Since that dynamic nature of the calling, it has been gotten down to business to give ideal needs, for example, cost and worth administration, venture the board, obtainment specialist, quality administration, hazard the board, mediation, and a lot more non-customary administrations of the development business without constraining to its tight extension. QSBC (2009) Has been proposed that the job of the amount assessor has extended after some time past its fundamental extent of money related based concerns not exclusively to cover the information on values, cost, work and materials, yet additionally to incorporate legitimate and authoritative issues, similar to savvy being a specialists on development business and furthermore must be worry about engineers, the administration, temporary workers and the general venture the executives. As indicated by the realities which I have talked about up until now, it has proclaimed that Quantity Surveyors not just need to perform conventional jobs by offering customary administrations by and by likewise need to assume contemporary jobs by conceding non-customary or extra administrations to top off the interest of this creative and impermanent development industry. Aside from those cost concerned angles examined above, amount assessors are likewise should have been familiar with development the executives and acquisition, authoritative organization and lawful parts of development inside the cutting edge manufactured condition. Accordingly it’s critical to examine about administration information on amount assessor which enables to adjust to jumpers conditions and to tackle issues develop in monetary and legally binding parts which are exceptionally interesting for every single development ventures. In the ongoing past years it has been not uncommon for amount assessors to augment their extent of calling and set themselves in a place of undertaking administrator with the measure of experience they have. The significance of the Project Managemen

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Showcasing - Essay Example Was their goal to change their picture from a traditionalist attire store to a more style refreshed store? Did they need to reposition their items? Is it true that they will forfeit their preservationist advertise just to tap another portion of the market? These are basic inquiries which ought to have been tended to before choosing to think of the promotion. Another significant angle which Penny may have disregarded is the pre-testing phase of the ad. They ought to have haphazardly selected a â€Å"consumer jury† who will see the advertisement and perceive how they would respond to the promotion. The â€Å"jury† should be illustrative of their objective market, to incorporate their current purchasers and the market which they need to tap. Had they done this procedure, they could have gotten by and large criticism on the effect of their promotion. 2. How could Penney utilize advertising systems to check the awful exposure it got because of the promotion and the shirts? B ecause of its TV advertisement entitled â€Å"Attitude Adjustment†, Penny experienced terrible exposure. Their clients responded contrarily. This equivalent issue was experienced by Penny when they came out with a T-shirt plan with a motto â€Å"Home Skooled†. To counter the negative exposure that they encountered from these occasions, I figure Penny should attempt to make up for itself and hamburger up its notoriety once more.

The Thieves Who Couldn’t Help Sneezing Essay -- Thomas Hardy

The Thieves Who Couldn’t Help Sneezing There is one fundamental character in this story, Hubert. We scarcely get any depiction of the physical highlights of Hubert; anyway what we do discover is: he is a multi year old kid, a ‘yeoman’s son’ with a horse named Jerry. Every one of them dwelled in Wessex. ‘A man shot from the thicket’ ‘Another man’ ‘And Another’ These three statements; all from a similar section reveal to us that there are in all out three burglars. Once more there is next to no insight regarding any of the three looters; two portrayals of the couple of hoodlums there states that their appearances are ‘artificially blackened’, and at any rate one of them had a, ‘deep voice’. In the entire of the short story there is potentially twenty-six other individuals; these are quickly referenced all through the story. Just one of the twenty six individuals get named and that individual is, ‘Sir Simon’. Not at all like ‘Tony Kytes’ there is one fundamental character, Hubert. Just two settings are utilized, they are the ‘mansion’, and the, ‘Vale of Blackmore’. This is more muddled and point by point than ‘Tony Kytes’; where...

A new Dean of SIPA has been appointed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A new Dean of SIPA has been appointed COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Professor Merit E. Janow has been appointed Dean of Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs effective July 1, 2013. Merit’s strength as a scholar and her deep experience with international public policy make her ideally suited to lead SIPA, the most global school of public affairs in the United States and, perhaps, the world.   A member of Columbia’s faculty since 1994, Merit’s expertise in international trade and investment policy, along with her time spent in Asia and her fluency in Japanese, have allowed her to make significant academic contributions while continuing to play a leading role in national and international institutions.   Merit has had three periods of public service in her career.   Most recently, she has been a member of the World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body, which is responsible for adjudicating appeals in intergovernmental trade disputes. Currently, Merit directs SIPA’s International Finance and Economic Policy (IFEP) concentration, is a co-director of Columbia’s Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Study Center, and is a member of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute.   She teaches both at SIPA and at Columbia Law School. Read more about the appointment here.

The Function of Parody in Ulysses - Literature Essay Samples

The word parody comes from the Latin parodia, meaning burlesque song or poem, but it has come to refer to any artistic composition in which the characteristic themes and the style of a particular work, author, etc., are exaggerated or applied to an inappropriate subject for the purposes of ridicule. Parody is used throughout Ulysses both as a form of comedy and as a critique. In the Cyclops episode, parody functions as a critique of the grand narrative, specifically in terms of history and the discourse of the nineteenth century. Parody is further used in order to subvert existing structures and hierarchies, as is apparent through the elements of Bakhtins conception of the Carnivale, which are present in the episode. In Nausicaa, Joyce parodies aspects of popular culture, particularly romance fiction and the censorship debate. This technique serves to highlight the relationship between language and consciousness, as well as the way in which discourses are constructed and interact wit h each other. By using parody, Joyce appears to be critiquing aspects of society and questioning the manner in which language is used to convey meaning.Parody in Cyclops serves to disrupt conventional notions of narrative. In particular, Joyce appears to be critiquing the notion of history as a grand narrative. The elevated language of the episode, as can be seen in the passage describing a historic and a hefty battle, acts as a parody of the literature drawn on by Irish nationalists in order to idealize Irelands heroic past. These writers offered popular versions of mythology using writing styles similar to nineteenth-century writers such as Carlyle. For the twentieth-century reader, however, these allusions might seem pretentious and inflated; Joyce appears to be parodying the passionate nationalists who celebrated the heroic past of the Irish people in this manner. The list of names of heroic leaders in Cyclops descends into complete farce, as it lists figures completely unconnec ted with Ireland, such as Gautama Buddha and Jack the Giant Killer, as well as some names that are simply invented. Joyce likewise parodies this idea of mindless drivel by concluding the narrators speeches with phrases such as and so forth and so on, this phenomenon and the other phenomenon, and new Ireland and new this, that and the other. These parodies reveal that extreme Irish nationalists grasped at almost anything to further their mission. Thematically, Joyce establishes an ongoing dialogue between Blooms humanistic universalism and the citizens narrow nationalism. The citizen refuses to acknowledge the possibility that Bloom can claim Ireland as his nation whilst also being a Jew. Bloom, on the other hand, postulates the humanistic view that force, hatred, historythats not life for men and womenlovethe opposite of hatredthat is really life. Joyce seems to be critiquing the often fanatical nature of Irish nationalism, specifically the manner in which heroism is figured in term s of violence, and the fact that this fanaticism is encouraged at a cost to humanity.Furthermore, Joyce appears to be critiquing the grand narrative of nineteenth-century discourse. He does so firstly by juxtaposing colloquial passages narrated by an anonymous Dubliner with grandiose mythic passages such as the nec and non plus ultra of emotion were reached when the blushing bride elect burst her way throughand flung herself upon the muscular bosom of him who was about to be launched into eternity. The ridiculousness of this bombastic style is furthered by the subject matter: a wedding of trees. Indeed, the juxtaposition of this language with the narrators colloquial God blimey if she aint a clinker highlights the pretentiousness of the elevated form. Joyce uses an exaggerated multiplicity of adjectives such as broadshouldered deepchested stronglimbed frankeyed redhaired freely freckled to parody an overly descriptive style of writing and critique the imperialist nature of grand nar ratives that claim to offer a comprehensive view of events. In doing so, Joyce demonstrates an awareness that aspects of nineteenth-century literature cannot be translated. He appears to be critiquing the extent to which people who sought independence for Ireland attempted to translate to the twentieth-century notions that belong to the past and could not be recovered especially not via inflated language.There is no clear narrative voice in this episode, as Joyce rapidly transitions from one narrative style to another. The shifting narrative also serves as a parody of the pretentious writing of the nineteenth century. Like the one-eyed Polyphemus in the Homeric parallel, each narrative presents a single view, offering the reader separate eyewitnesses who interrupt and contradict each other. This enables the characters to undergo a metamorphosis between various narrative frames. The medical journal parody, for example, transforms Blooms muddled scientific knowledge into a precise ex plication of physiology, as he becomes Herr Professor Luitpold Blumenduft. Through other narratives, the reader gets a vision of Bloom as a hero OBloom, the son of Rory, Bloom the distinguished phenomenologist, and ultimately ben Bloom Elijah. Joyce also appears to be engaging this type of narration in an effort to both define and limit it to a narrative structure. In doing so, he explores the breakdown in narration. At times, this occurs in the midst of a sentence, as in the episodes final words: ben Bloom Elijah, amid clouds of angels ascend to the glory of the brightnessat an angle of fortyfive degreeslike a shot off a shovel. The sentence begins as a Biblical epic, shifts to a quasi-science journalistic style, and then shifts once again to colloquialism. The structure resembles a comic routine, with different voices presenting different views, which in turn highlight the unreliability of each individual perspective. Interestingly, Homers Polyphemus is both one-eyed and multi-voc al, echoing the ambiguities that Joyce explores in the episode. The parody in Cyclops can thus be seen as a microcosm of the parody of Ulysses the novel; that is to say, a parody of the epic form.Parody further functions to subvert existing structures and hierarchies. The events in Cyclops echo the revelries of the Carnivale as conceptualised by Bakhtin. Bakhtin underlines the predominance of the material principle and the physical life with images of the body, or eating and drinking, and with the satisfaction of the natural urges. The pub is site for informal socializing the characters are tipsy from drink, and the environment is conducive to the kind of revelry associated with the Carnivale. There is a sense of anarchy about the episode, with characters indulging in excess, [nearly eating] the tin and all, and laying emphasis on the nether parts of the body, such as Molly Blooms bottom and the hanged mans erection. Joyce appears to be staging a verbal carnival, first through the polyphony of voices, specifically the alternation of the lofty and vulgar styles, and secondly through the wordplay that characterises much of the episode. Within the episode are examples of antanaclasis (Good Christ!Who said Christ is good?), etymology (barber/barbarous/barbarian), puns (foul/fowl), neologism (codology) and non-sequiteurs (talking about new Ireland, he ought to go and get a new dog so he ought). Parrinder characterises a carnival as a worldturned bottom upwardsa forum in which a behaviour that is normally frowned uponbecomes sanctioned and overt. In a carnival, the highest authority (usually the King) is insulted and beaten by the people. In Cyclops, Bloom is presented as this figure, the image of him on point duty up suggesting his superiority, which is highlighted by his refusal to join in the drinking session. It is thus significant that the end of the episode finds him being insulted and set upon by the dogs. The carnival is also a place where religion is parod ied, and in this episode God undergoes a plethora of irreverent metamorphoses: begobChrist MKeowndog. Here, the parody functions as a subversion of these figures of authority.In Nausicaa, parody serves as a critique of popular culture and highlights the manner in which aspects of popular culture seep into our consciousness. Gerty McDowells language and consciousness is an amalgam of romance literature, fashion magazines, advertising, and folk wisdom. The first half of Nausicaa is often read as a parody of the sentimental novel, and particularly The Lamplighter, written by Maria Cummins in 1864, which features a heroine named Gertrude. The frequent usage of exclamation marks, as in O so lively! O so soft, sweet, soft! and exaggerated use of O! parodies the emotive, heightened language of romance fiction. Joyce himself referred to the language of this half of the episode as namby-pamby jammy marmalady drawsery. Interestingly, many of the references to fashion magazines and advertising occur in parenthesis, such as (because it was expected in the Ladys Pictorial that electric blue would be worn), suggesting a kind of aside, as if these aspects of popular culture create resonances that infiltrate our consciousness at particular moments.Gerty herself is a parody of the romantic heroine, one who completely [represses] all sexual desires and awareness of her own physical beingshe must be an object. Gerty, however, is aware of her sexual desires and cannot keep her fantasies pure, imagining that Blooms hands and face were working and a tremor went over her. She is further aware that she is being watched, and seems to enjoy being seen, deliberately [revealing] all her graceful beautifully shaped legs to Bloom. This awareness of her sexual power is at odds with the stereotype of this sort of heroine, and as such, Gerty becomes the antitheses of the romantic heroine. Parody also serves to critique the censorship debate. The idea that young women were vulnerable to any mo ral deviance in works of fiction was particularly highlighted by the sensational novel outrage of the nineteenth century. These sensational novels were considered dangerous because they made readers read with their bodies. Gerty is a virgin who is aware of her own sexuality because she reads exactly what advocates against sensational novels feared. Joyces ironic twist, however, is that Gerty read a romance novel with a typically asexual heroine, rather than sensational fiction, seemingly mocking the whole censorship debate. Perhaps Joyce is critiquing the readiness with which people vilify literature in order to create a scapegoat for societal problems. The issues facing Irish society during Joyces time are revealed through the virgin/whore dichotomy. On one hand, Irish Catholicism postulated the doctrine of Mary-olatry, but on the other, Ireland had a sizeable population of prostitutes. In The Lamplighter, Gertrude models herself after the Virgin Mary. Likewise, in the Nausicaa e pisode of Ulysses, Gerty tries to see herself in this light, as the refuge of sinnerscomfortress of the afflicted allusions to the Holy Virgin. However, her sexual awareness means she must fail as this figure. The juxtaposition between Gertys sexuality and the Virgin Marys takes on a comic element as the discrepancy between Gertys vision of herself and what she really is becomes wider. Joyces parody of the would-be virgin seems to allude to the hypocrisy of societal attitudes at the time. The doctrine of Mary-olatry also suggests transubstantiation. It is thus interesting that Gertys stockings are a diaphanous object, recalling the motif of the diaphane that permeates previous episodes in Ulysses. Aristotle spoke of the diaphane as a medium that enables things to show their actual selves only in light, begging the question of where the source of the light is located. This parallels the question of the where the source of creativity and particularly the creation of language can b e found.This question is explored through parody, as it highlights the relationship between language and consciousness. This is firstly considered through the construction of character-specific discourses. Gerty may be a typical example of winsome Irish girlhood, but that is because she is a composite of the discourses that construct the ideal Irish female. The parody occurs through Joyces subversion of this ideal construct, wherein Gerty appears to be deluding herself into believing that she is this ideal. There are several images in the episode that suggest Gertys narcissistic delusions, including her placement, like Narcissus, near the little pool by the rock, and her bedroom mirror, in front of which she [smiles] at the lovely reflection which the mirror gave back to her! Gerty appears to be deliberately constructing this image of herself, perhaps in order to mask her insecurities about her role as a woman, and it is thus significant that we discover that she is lame, as we real ise that she is not the ideal female form she makes herself out to be.Gerty thinks of Bloom in terms of masculine stereotypes: her dreamhusband[who] would embrace her gently, like a real man, crushing her soft body to him. She is portrayed as a typical woman, who imagines the possibilities of marriage and children, whilst Bloom is the typical man, who sees Gerty merely as an object of desire. In this sense, Blooms narrative is very much part of his character. This raises the question of linguistic determination, and of whether we can think outside of our own language. Bloom acknowledges this question when he describes his erotic communication with Gerty as a kind of language between us. He is aware that something has taken place, and wonders whether or not that is a language. Joyce seems to be engaging with those points of nexus between thought and language, and makes the reader question whether it is possible to document them. The two voices in this episode create an intratextual p arody. Gerty is observing Bloom as he observes her, and as such, the characters function simultaneously as both the representor and the object of representation. Bakhtin claims that this dialogical relationship can be regarded as a parodic relationship, stating that in parodic discourse two styles, two languages come togetherthe language being parodiedand the language that parodies. Likewise, the two voices of Gerty and Bloom critique and comment on each other. The unreliability of Gertys account of what happened between herself and Bloom is highlighted by the juxtaposition of Blooms discourse against her own. Gerty romanticises her physicality, and subsequently Blooms reaction to it, claiming that his eyes burned into her as thought they wouldread her very soul. This stands in direct contrast to Blooms matter-of-fact, coarse reaction, I saw your. I saw all. Lord! and after masturbating, for this relief much thanks. At one time, both discourses act as parodies of the other. Bloom appears preoccupied with the coarse physicality of females, thinking about them in terms of menstruation, orgasms, and their bodies, and in this manner enables us to laugh at Gertys romantic view of her physicality while simultaneously critiquing her constructed discourse. Indeed, Bakhtin cites critique through laughter as the first foundation of novelistic discourse, because these parodic-travestying formsdestroyed the homogenising power of myth over language. In these two episodes, parody serves to critique the values of Joyces society both present and past, and to explore the different facets of language. In Cyclops, parody functions specifically as a critique of the grand narrative, and is used to subvert existing structures and hierarchies. Joyce parodies aspects of popular culture in Nausicaa to highlight the relationship between language and consciousness, and to reveal the manner in which discourses are constructed and interact with each other.SourcesBakhtin, M. Rabelais an d His World (trans. H. Iswelolsky). Indiana UP, Bloomington, 1984Bakhtin, M. The Pre-history of Novelistic Discourse, from The Dialogic Imagination: Four EssaysBennett, A and Royle, N. An Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory: Key Critical Concepts. London: Prentice Hall, 1995Bullocks, A and Stallybrass, O. The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought. London: Fontana/Collins, 1977Cohen, L. Sensation Fiction of the Nineteenth Century, from http://caxton.stockton.edu/ulysses/disc.msg 12/10/2002, accessed 29/5/04Devlin, K. The Romance Heroine Exposed: Nausicaa and The Lamplighter. James Joyce Quarterly, 22.4 (1985)Goldman, A. The Joyce Paradox. Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, London, 1966Henke, S. James Joyce and the Politics of Desire. Routledge, London, 1990Joyce, J. Ulysses. Penguin Classics, London, 2000 (ed. Declan Kiberd)Leckie, B. Reading Bodies, Reading Nerves. James Joyce Quarterly, 34.1-2 (1996)Newman, R. Pedagogy, Praxis, Ulysses. University of Michigan Press, Michi gan, 1996Parrinder, P. James Joyce. Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 1984Tymoczko, M. The Irish Ulysses. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994

Should I Live at Home While Im in College

Living at home while in college is a serious option for many college students. There are many benefits -- from saving money to avoiding the chaos of residence hall life -- but also many challenges. If youre considering living at home during your time in school, make sure to think through these aspects before making a decision. Things to Consider About Living at Home in College Finances. You may save money by not having to pay for room and board. But you may also have other expenses that you wouldnt have if you lived on campus, like commuting costs (gas, car maintenance, a bus pass, carpool costs), parking expenses, and food that youll get stuck buying when youre on campus during the day. Make sure to consider the costs of living with your parents as well as living on-campus to make sure youre taking everything into consideration. Time. Living at home may take time away from what you can spend physically connected to your campus. On the other hand, you may be more efficient at home than you would be in a residence hall, for example, when doing your homework. Think about time and safety intersections, too -- you may not mind staying late one night to finish a group project, but will you feel safe commuting home if its really late? Personal factors. Living on campus or with your parents is a personal decision. You may want to connect more with other students (in a residence hall or Greek house, for example), or you may want or need to stay closer (physically and personally) to your family. How will living at home have an impact on your personal life? Your family life? Your social life? Will you regret not living at home? Will you regret not living on campus? Other Alternatives to Consider If you dont want to stay in a traditional residence hall but dont want to live at home either, there are some alternatives you may want to consider: Living in off-campus apartments owned by the schoolLiving in off-campus apartments independent of the schoolLiving in a Greek house or theme house-sitting for a professor on sabbaticalRenting a room from a professor or houseLiving in married student or family housing, if youre eligible

For My Social Studies Lesson Plan, I Taught My Lesson Based

For my social studies lesson plan, I taught my lesson based on the book, Alexander Graham Bell: A Famous Inventor, by Justin McCory Martin. In this lesson, the students learned the biography of Alexander Graham Bell, they read the text closely to determine what it said, make logical inferences from it, participate in conversations and collaborations with partners, and describe the relationship between illustrations and the text. In order to do this we completed a â€Å"My Facts Book about Alexander Graham Bell† based on what they learned from the book. The book was read as a whole group and then we brought the lesson to a learning center environment to re-read the story and complete the booklet. For my lesson, I had twenty kindergarten†¦show more content†¦For my activity, I found one that was similar to another activity they liked in one of my other lessons, a booklet that they created themselves. To start the activity as a center we would state at least three th ings that Alexander Graham Bell invented, and the students would choose one of those three inventions and make a sentence out of it. I guided the students and had a start to their sentence, which was, â€Å"Alexander Graham Bell invented the†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Next, we did another sentence that talked about his life, we stated that his mother was deaf and I guided them by asking, â€Å"What else did he do with deaf people like his mother?† and we looked back in the text and found that he helped deaf people. Therefore, I then helped them with a sentence starter that stated, â€Å"Alexander Graham Bell helped†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Lastly, we completed one more sentence in our booklet and for this sentence, I let the students find a page in the book and write a sentence about that page with no sentence starter. When reflecting on my own awareness of my thoughts and feelings during my lesson concerning the students I was nervous about if the students would really learn something from my social studies lesson. I was worried because as stated before this was the first time the students had ever participated in a lesson like the one I was presenting to them. I wasShow MoreRelatedSocial Studies Lesson Plan Analysis1505 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Studies Lesson Plan Analysis How did your SSLP demonstrate your knowledge of students’ learning needs and interests? My social studies lesson was over the season on Spring. When I did this lesson, it was just two days after the first day of Spring. I chose to do this because of its relevance at the time. The students were very excited about the change of the seasons and were very eager to learn about Spring. It was evident that my students were motivated to learn because they were constantlyRead MoreClassroom Reflection Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesOverall, I thought the lesson study was a good way to start feeling comfortable with teaching science in a classroom, it brought me out of my comfort zone of what I was used to seeing being taught. This lesson allowed me to think creatively because it was a requirement to combine a social study element into the lesson as well. As a group, we brainstormed way that we could include social studies within our lesson that worked seamlessly with science. During this brainstorming session, I discoveredRead MoreThe Lesson Plan On The United States Civil War1 704 Words   |  7 Pages This lesson plan has been designed for an eleventh grade social studies class with the content of the lesson plan focusing on the United States Civil War. The reason I chose to create this specific lesson place was because I eventually want to be a social studies teacher in a high school. The lesson plan has been constructed in a way that allows for the teacher to present the information students are required to know with individual and group work, for a diverse learning experience. In order toRead MoreEssay On Early Childhood Education1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of social skills within a classroom environment potentially results in not only the students’ academic state; however, the child’s emotional well being as well. I was interested in this topic because I will be pursuing a career in early childhood education. I believe that implementing lessons involving social-emotional development skills promotes the overall growth of the children within my classroom. The following articles entitled, â€Å"A Teacher- Consultation Approach to Social Skills TrainingRead MoreRewards Stands For Reading, Excellence, Word, Attack, Rate,1661 Words   |  7 PagesIt is a short-term intervention that results in long-term literacy achievement. The REWARDS reading program is a research-based and validated reading and writing program. The REWARDS program has 3 components or â€Å"steps†. The program family includes REWARDS Multisyllabic Word Readin g Strategies Intermediate and Secondary, Rewards Plus Reading Strategies Applied to Social Studies and Science Passages, Rewards Writing Sentence Refinement. The overall goals of the program are: Increasing student’sRead MoreThe Differences Between Academic And Personal Writing Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesRobert Baruth, and Carolyn Hayes’ Literacy con Carià ±o, Mr. B’s students focus on the difference between academic and personal writing. Mr. B knows that in order for the students to succeed they need to skillfully write about â€Å"†¦material from their social studies, science and language arts text† (Hayes et al., 1998, p. 99). Robert strove to help them understand the differences between expressing themselves in their autobiographical books and discussing what they have learned in an academic context. HeRead MoreResearch Material And Warding Off The Temptation Of Plagiarism991 Words   |  4 PagesFinal Project The main focus for this unit of study is the importance of properly citing research material and warding off the temptation of plagiarism. With so much information on the internet, and so much pressure required of the students to excel, the ability to cut and paste a portion or a whole paper is too great. If the students are taught the rewards and benefits of doing research honestly, they will be less likely to succumb to temptation. Educators and librarians need to collaborate toRead MoreAn Interdisciplinary Unit On The Civil War Themed872 Words   |  4 PagesTo showcase my proficiency with middle level curriculum, instruction, and assessment, I have selected an interdisciplinary unit on the Civil War themed â€Å"Preserving the Past†, a Discipline Literacy and Instructional Planning project about North Carolina geography, and a collaborative Greek Mythology unit I taught during student teaching. In all three of these artifacts, I have developed relevant, integrative, challenging, and exploratory units of study. The â€Å"Preserving the Past† unit incorporatesRead MoreI Am My First Lesson Plan970 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my stay at Windsor elementary school, I spent my time observing my cooperating teacher and her students. For the first few class sessions I sat patiently on the sidelines observing anything and everything that caught the least bit of my interest. When Ms. Burton had time an asked questions about specific thing I didn’t understand about the classroom, children, and activities going on around me. Most of the time my cooperating teacher vocalized explanations for events happening in class beforeRead MoreExceptionalities in Education1709 Words   |  7 Pagesimagination and skill are attributes teachers must possess. When working with children who have diverse needs these attributes must be perfected (Fogel, 2005). There may be some areas in wh ich an educator may need assistance as how to approach a particular lesson and this is when collaboration may be effective. Collaboration is, also, an important key in helping a student with special needs to succeed. Students with exceptionalities are faced with unique challenges when it comes to academics inside the classroom

Culture, Ethnicity And Socioeconomic Status - 970 Words

Much of how an individual turns out to be is not only dependant on the genes in which their parents have passed down to them, but also due to the family structure in which they were raised by. Family structure can be described as the framework of any family; it details the roles, positions and responsibilities of each family member and describes how they function together as a whole to fulfill the primary objective universal to almost every family, to nurture one another. However, because parenting doesn t occur within a vacuum, many influences such as culture, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) can largely affect how a family structures itself. Culture is essentially a learned way of life. Typically, people within the same culture speak the same language, eat identical foods, share common values, and also behave and think in a similar ways. Depending on their cultural background, many families will often have different understandings or ideas of what a family is and how it should be structured. Because of how ingrained culture is within a person, many parents are unaware of how large of an impact these cultural biases have when creating a family Nevertheless, as times change, families must adapt along with the cultures they hold within them. Ethnicity is a social label or category used to classify individuals who share a common ancestry and cultural background. The families of various minority ethnic groups usually have different family structures from thoseShow MoreRelatedEffects of Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity on a Child1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe socioeconomic status of a family and their ethnicity has a substantial effect on their child’s early learning and determines how much their child will accomplish through life. Life events from before birth to three years old will have significant impact on brain development (Nelson, 1999). Socioeconomic status limits how much a family could provide to aid a child’s development. Middle-class families can better prepare their children with opportunities for success than families with low householdRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children And Non Minority Children1490 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluential factors, specifically to minorities in America, include ethnic cultures, socioeconomic status, and psychological factors. Ethnicities that are heavily influenced by culture can have an effect on the outlook of their children’s weight. It is evident that there is a certain aesthetic that some ethnicities tend to lean towards when it comes to body image. They may not feel concerned with an overweight child because their culture prefers their children with more fat on their bodies. The MaternalRead MoreNovember 30 2014 BHS414 CASE MOD4 Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesIn a 2- to 3-page paper, address the following: What aspects of Dr. Williams behavior influence the decisions of the families he works with and possibly influence the ultimate health outcomes of their children? What roles do culture, ethnicity, race, and socioeconomic status play in families experiences in the healthcare system? What factors, other than provider-patient communication, influence disparities in health outcomes? Cultural Empowerment What aspects of Dr. Williams behavior influenceRead MoreHow Culture Influences Health Of All Individuals1389 Words   |  6 PagesHow Culture Influences Health in America Culture plays a great role in the health of all individuals. The American race has a vast influence over other cultures that migrate to the United States. Unfortunately, the dietary habits of the average American can lead to an increased health risk and a variety of problems that will further be elaborated on. It is important to remember that health is not just the physical aspect that everyone assumes when they consider the word health. It actually hasRead MoreFactors That Influence Human Development1646 Words   |  7 PagesIn your own words, what role does socioeconomic status, cultural context, and ethnicity play in development (show examples of each)? In our day and time, socioeconomic status, cultural context, and ethnicity play a huge role in human development. Human development begins while in the womb and at birth and continues through life heavily depending on these particular factors. These factors determine how a person communicates, works, looks, and chooses to live their daily lives. People are individualsRead MoreSocioeconomic Factors Of A Student s Life And Lower Academic Outcomes1711 Words   |  7 Pagespaper is to consider the impact of socioeconomic disadvantage in the lived curriculum and to identify strategies to neutralize these disadvantages. This paper will address the extent to which socioeconomic factors influence learning outcomes, and why low socioeconomic backgrounds have an impact. It will then go on to investigate socioeconomic status’s relationship with identity, and its relationship with the disadvantage experienced by minority groups. Socioeconomic background needs to be consideredRead MoreCulture can include, but is not limited to ethnicity, spiritual belief, tribal affiliations,1400 Words   |  6 PagesCulture can include, but is not limited to ethnicity, spiritual belief, tribal affiliations, nationalities, socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation and disability. Whilst competence implies functioning effectively. This report will elaborate on culturally competent care, acknowledging the importance of culture and the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs. When looking at Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicityRead MoreInequalities in Australian Schooling Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesreferred to as ethnicity - have a predisposition towards educational success in Australian schools (Watkins, 2013). Students from Anglo backgrounds, for example, are often seen as having a cultural advantage whilst others, such as Middle Eastern students, are perceived as culturally prone to underachievement. These claims confine ethnicity to fixed and bound stereotypes, and see educational achievement as a result of the inherent qualities of these groups (Watkins, 2013). However, ethnicity cannot beRead MoreUnderstanding My Students Weaknesses And Weaknesses800 Words   |  4 PagesStudents To be an effective teacher, teachers must get to know their students to determine their weaknesses and their strengths. The classroom population today includes children with disabilities, children from different socioeconomic statuses, children from various cultures and ethnicities, children who speak languages other than English, children with various learning styles and abilities, and children with various other problems that will affect their ability to learn in the classroom setting. TeachersRead MoreRacism, Race, And Ethnicity1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they were expressing three theories on race and ethnicity: the Human Ecology, Social Darwinist, and Culture of Poverty perspectives were all intermingled in the conversation. Recently, race relations has been a topic for debate in the United States, with many saying that racism is a thing of the past. However, based upon my family’s debate, and the many sources that research the issues, it can be seen that the topic of racism, race, and ethnicity are all still relevant topics in America. My family

Effective Communication Essay - 1279 Words

Paper Effective Communication Helena Herbert HCS/325 October 23, 2012 Brian Dufrene Effective Communication â€Å"Communication is the process of sharing information, thoughts and feelings between people through speaking, writing or body language. Effective communication extends the concept to require that transmitted content is received and understood by someone in the way it was intended† (Brown, 2011, para. 1). According to (University of Phoenix, 2012, 2010), â€Å"Workplace trends within and outside of health care require employees to connect with an ever-widening array of coworkers, consultants,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Long-term care involves providing a level of medical care that requires the expertise of skilled practitioners to address the often multiple chronic conditions associated with older populations†, (â€Å"Long-term care,† August 18, 2012). Long-term care is provided in the client’s home, in the community, in assisted living facilities or in nursing homes. Long-term care is used and needed by people of any age, but is more common needed for senior citizens, (Wikipedia (August 18, 2012)). How does the Familiar Organization Currently Share Knowledge or Involve Employees in Formulating Solutions to Problems Comfort Keepers Home Health Services has quarterly meetings every three months which encourages the involvement of all employees, (CNA’s, caregivers, and office workers). All employees of Comfort Keepers are invited to share in the decision-making process of the firm by participating in activities such as setting goals to better services for clients, determining work schedules, and making suggestions. Another form of participation may involve the employee’s input on increasing each employee’s responsibility or job enrichment. 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Hello Walmart Free Essays

Hello, Wal-Mart? Ashford University BUS644 Operation Management Dr. Ronald Beach November 26, 2011 Hello, Wal-Mart? It is very common for everyone that lives in a small town to get all their groceries at Wal-Mart. During the last 50 years of creation, from a small town on Arkansas, Wal-Mart became the biggest retail company of the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Hello Walmart or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this time, this company is one of the major employers of the world and has more than 4,000 stores just in America. It is very difficult for a small business to compete with this company. Now before going forward, it is very important to understand how Wal-Mart operates. The main strategy of their operation is getting the cheaper supplies and sells their products a very low price to the customers. Another of their strategies is to centralize all kinds of products in one store. The key element for this business is to analyze the market considerations when they open a new location. There are tools to help companies to find out the best location. For example, according to Stevenson (2011, P. 48), â€Å"Geographic Information Systems is a computer based tool for collecting, storing, retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps†. Now that we know this, let’s analyze the following disadvantages of opening a new Wal-Mart in a small town. Disadvantages for owners of small business located nearby are several. Let’s start by mentioning that small towns are surrounded by and full of small business that support the local economy and employ the local po pulation. With the presence of Wal-Mart, small businesses that offer similar products will be obligated to reduce their price to the minimum in order to compete with the big retail company. According to Dartmouth College, in 2009, they conducted a study that indicates the â€Å"the impact a Wal-Mart store has on a local business is correlated to its distance from that store. The leader of that study admits that this factor is stronger in smaller towns†. Wal-Mart is using what people call predatory pricing. Wal-Mart buys products from cheaper suppliers; this issue hurts the local suppliers and local economy. Small businesses will be obligated to reduce their price to the minimum if they want to compete. All the money that small businesses will generate goes to local banks and stays in the community; in the case of Wal-Mart, this money goes to the main banks in other towns or cities, and the bottom line is this money does not stay in the area. According to the Institute of Local Self Reliance as Wal-Mart expanded small business retails dropped more than 39% and many small businesses are now closed. Let’s imagine this town a few years later with all these small business closed and for any reason Wal-Mart has to leave the town. The consequences will be catastrophic. Another point to take in consideration is the possibility that Wal-Mart is doing a monopoly of the sales in the small towns. With their aggressive campaign of reducing prices to the lowest minimum, and disappearing small businesses, they are obligating the consumers to only go to Wal-Mart for their needs. The disadvantages from the town residents and the residents of nearby towns are also several. Let’s start to mention the impact of a new Wal-Mart store in the life of these residents. Earlier it was mentioned how small business were, in many times, obligated to close. These issues have a direct impact in the life of the residents, since these small businesses contract local people. People are forced to, in many cases, to leave the town because they cannot afford the costs of living. Wal-Mart only can hire a smaller group of people than many small businesses together. After all, the only place to work will be at Wal-Mart and without a competitor they will mandate the wage pay and the benefits of their employees. When small businesses are closed they destroy the moral and the way of life of the community. When these businesses close, residents will lose their livelihood. Many of these new Wal-Mart stores get the land at very cheap price; they bring with them traffic, delinquency, and a big reduction of price in the land of the residents surrounding these stores; all this translate as a big reduction of taxes that these small tows will receive. According to the Institute of Local Self Reliance â€Å"many studies have found that when locally owned business are displaced by Wal-Mart, the participation and voter turnout falls, the number of active nonprofit organizations drop and residents are less likely to know and interact with their neighbors†. Now after hearing all the arguments of these two groups, it is time for Wal-Mart representative to respond to all these allegations and propose some of the advantages to open a new store in a small town. The first thing to analyze is that where ever a Walmart is, residents of that town and nearby towns are finding a big reduction in the cost of their products. Another of the good things that Wal-Mart will bring to the town is a good market ideas and competition. Owners that bring good ideas can benefit of the presence of a big store like Wal-Mart. There is a main factor here, with an economy like the present, a store like Wal-Mart will bring to the town lower prices for the customers, a reduction of transportation, and an increase of jobs for the community. When we talk about transportation, it means to drive less to find all the products in the same place. When we talk about jobs, it means new jobs for the residents close to the store. One of the more important arguments to favor Wal-Mart is the support of the community through programs by their customers. References Stevenson, W. J. (2011). Operation management (11th ed). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from http://www. ilsr. org Retrieved from http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-07-04/business/ct-biz-0704-soda-wars-20100703_1_chicago-wal-mart-costco-and-wal-mart-pricing How to cite Hello Walmart, Essay examples

The Shock of Enslavement free essay sample

The Shock of Enslavement African rulers began enslaving and selling their own people to Europe and other countries long before there was such a large demand for slaves in the early sass. Enslavement started out as punishment for crimes, but soon became a booming business for African rulers. English colonists who had a need for cheap labor decided to tap into the slave trade to find affordable plantation workers. Africans were taken against their will, tortured, and euthanized in preparation for their journey into slavery.Africans of all social ranks ended up on slave ships. Some had been village leaders; some already slaves in Africa, members of chiefs families and the educated elite. They were kidnapped, separated from their families, branded like cattle, and made to march in chains to the coast where they would be confined in cages until there were enough Of them to fill a ship. The slaves then boarded canoes to be ferried to the ships. We will write a custom essay sample on The Shock of Enslavement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many became desperate and decided to jump overboard and drown rather than be carried off to an unknown ostentation.The voyage from Africa to North America was a six- to eight- week-long ocean voyage called the Middle Passage. Men were wedged below decks in spaces about 6 feet long, 16 inches wide, and 30 inches high. Women and children were packed even more tightly. The slaves were forced to stay below decks most of the time where the smell of vomit, blood, and other body fluids grew rancid. Some slaves went insane from the cooped up conditions, and hearing shrieks and groans of pain or dying. Others refused to eat. On many voyages, between 5 and 20 percent of the slaves died from disease and other causes. Those who survived the horrifying voyage endured the humiliation of being sold. Buyers generally preferred males and often looked for slaves from certain African ethnic groups, believing that some Africans would work harder than others. The process often involved being looked over for signs of disease, including being poked and prodded. Many terrified Africans thought they were going to be eaten. Being a slave in earlyAmerican times would have been a horrible way to live. But that seems mild compared to the actual process of becoming a slave and enduring the horrific voyage overseas to America. We can only hope that time has healed some of the pain and suffering caused to all generations and races that have been enslaved throughout the years.

Operation Management of Genting Malaysia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What is the Company Mission and how is it related to Operations Management (OM) Mission? Evaluate 4-6 operation areas and make recommendation for improvement. Answer: Introduction Within an organization, operation management is known to be concerned with the process of planning, supervising, and organizing context production and provision of services offered by the company (Helleno, 2015). In other words, the mission of the operation management is to focus on delivery with an aim of ensuring that the company effectively turns inputs to outputs in the best efficient manner that meets the needs of the company (Ball, 2011). The inputs can be a representation of materials, technology, equipment, and human resources that are required to meet the production needs of the company such as the workforce. The operation department hence encompasses procurement, improvement sustainability, and managing relations, of the company (Yajie Bo, 2016). This paper hence presents a case study of Genting Malaysia Berhad Limited with a primary focus on the mission of the company and how the mission relates to the operation management mission and objectives of the company. The paper also evaluates and presents various operation areas within the organization while making recommendations on how the operations can be improved to ensure effective and improved performance within the company. Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd begun operations in the 1980s as a share limited private organization but later changed to Resort World Bhd in 1989. In 2009, the name again changed to Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd when it became a fully fledged gaming, resort related, and hotel offering hotel and leisure services, operation services the organization has offered in the last 45 years. While operating in the hotel industry, Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd offers hospitality and leisure services such as theme parks, gaming, seaside resorts, mega shows, and dining restaurant among other entertainment services. The company was voted as the global leading Casino Resort in 2005, 200, and 2008and the Asian best casino resort between 2005 and 2010. The company has two branches or chains which include Awana Porto Malai located in Langkawi and Awana Kijal Golf, Spa, and Beach Resort located in Terengganu. Mission of the company and its relation to the operation management mission According to Genting Malaysia Berhad (2017), the primary missions of the company include the following; The company always care and focus on changing demands or their clients or customers with an aim of excelling in the provision of the quality services and products so as to meet the needs of the customers. Focusing on the utilization and the innovation of new technology with an aim of achieving competitive advantage and stand out among other competitors that offer similar services. Holding a full responsibility of generating a rational return to the stakeholders of the company Emphasizing on various personal policies that can effectively recognize and reward performance that can make the company better to encourage the contribution of the employees while providing effective training, opportunities, and development towards career advancement. Focusing on being a responsible corporate citizen that is always increasing transparency and corporate governance Also known to be the highland resort where various families can effectively enjoy their holiday, the theme park is said to be colder than other usual hot or humid cities in Malaysia. With the vision of maintaining a resort that is within reach for both domestic and international citizens, the founder Tan Sri Lim Goh Ting had a set up of an operational strategy that would help the company work towards achieving the set the missions. However, with global development of the business world such as technological development, the tourism and hotel industry has transformed its operational management operations to help organizations meet the dynamic nature of the business market (Ball, 2011). As a holiday destination offering a variety of entertainment services, the operation management of the organization has a mission of offering suitable accommodation that is affordable to everyone and can suit the personal taste or budget of both domestic and international clients. With a focused operational management, Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd continues to grow into becoming a premier holiday destination that ensures that the natural beauty of the area is effectively preserved not only for the benefit of the company but to the environment as well. Operation management is the design, control, operations, and execution that are mainly focused on converting resources into the recommended goods and services while implementing the business strategy of the company (Gunasekaran Ngai, 2012). While putting together the mission of the company, the operation management works towards offering an integrated global standard entertainment facility encompassing both outdoor and indoor theme park s, leisure, and word class gaming facilities. The operation management thus focuses on ensuring proper planning, operation, and performance of the company, aspects that have seen the company grow from the hotel into resort activities and even becoming a leading multinational tourism company in Malaysia. Operation areas for the company and recommendations for improvement According to Genting Malaysia Berhad (2015), the mission of every operation management department within a company often focuses on the management statement of the mission of the company. As a result, the company will focus on ensuring it provides the necessary developmental skills, knowledge, and critical thinking for effective management of operation management information and responsibilities. For instance, the operation management of Scranton University has a mission of having a commitment towards educational excellence in electronic commerce and operation management programs for undergraduate levels while providing services not only to the students but the community at large (Kang et al., 2016). Ford Motor Company operations are also globally recognized since they adopt ten strategic operation areas that are recommended for any like Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd to adopt as well. According to Genting Malaysia Berhad (2016), the operation management of Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd involves different management teams with a focus on different goals that work towards the overall mission of the company. For instance, the company adopts ten operation management decision frameworks in all stages of its business addressing various activities that contribute to the overall success of the company. In other words, the product and service design of the company has a direct relationship with the operation management design and performance decision areas such as quality management, human resources, and job design. Addressing or adopting the ten operation management decision areas has ensured that the company maintains an efficient and effective operation fulfilling the profitability objectives of the company. Therefore, the operation of this department is concerned in ensuring effectiveness and success in the following areas; Marketing- Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd is globally recognized to be an exclusive international sales and marketing coordinator in Genting Highlands Resort and in the rest of the regions within the industry it operates. For instance, the company has a network of international sales agents and sales offices in different countries such as Singapore, Hong Kong, China, India, Vietnam, Middle East, and Indonesia. The marketing operation strategy is adopted to ensure the company expands its market and products to other emerging markets with the aim of increasing its global customer base and effectiveness in service delivery. Research and Development- in offering its game services, Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd has developed a computer program while adopting Java as the best and widely used programming language by top global technology companies such as Google. The programming standard adopted has been defined as to be of a global standard suitable for developing internet games such as the Fire Cracker and Wu Shi Games //////. The standard exists or is adopted primarily to ensure that the company preserves an updated consistency of its programming style while facilitating a continuous maintenance of its Java system. As a result, the company is globally recognized for an impending intranet gaming system that is updated and meets the progression advancement of the gaming industry as well as the desires of the customers. Inventory management- In the decision areas of operation management, the inventory management of the company adopts various inventory strategies that correspond to the needs of the hospitality industry. For instance, the company uses automation in monitoring and controlling inventory, a strategy that is significant in managing its web-based gaming services as well as the casino products its offers within its facilities. In the process, the company as well adopts a process and capacity design that ensures the strategies of the company supports all the production goals both in technology and its resources (Genting Malaysia Berhad, 2017). It hence adopts a value stream map with the aim of effectively determining the processes necessary for the organization and how they can be kept running once they have been adopted. Supply chain management- In a systematic study, Ball (2011) recommends that an effective supply chain management strategy within an organization is essential in determining streamlined strategies that can be adopted by a company. Proper supply chain management within the operations of a company hence need to ensure that the strategies adopted are cost effective, profitable, and can lead to the development of trusted partners in all the stages of supply management. As an Asian top tourist destination, Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd has become a role model and an inspiration to many developing entrepreneurs as it effectively blends the values of its hard work, integrity, perseverance, and noble supply chain management culture, aspects that have enabled the company to create a unique management style within the industry. According to Mr. Eddie Chan, these values have been installed and programmed within the operational management of the company as a corporate culture to ensure the organiza tion stands out in the globally competitive hospitality industry. Scheduling- while considering production and the workforce, Genting Malaysia Berhad (2016) points out that it is necessary for the operation management to have a clear understanding of the value and quantity of products that are necessary to achieve the set objectives. It is a strategy that enables the operation management of an organization to understand the need of the company to ensure effective, reliable, continuous, and efficient performance, an aspect that are different from one industry to another as well as from one department to another within the same industry (Moreno, 2013). Genting Malaysia Berhad Ltd hence ensures that its functions are scheduled with a clear strategy and layout design to ensure effective implementation of operation management progression strategies as well as job design and human resources. Conclusion In the organization, the operation management of the company is concerned with the process of planning, supervising, and organizing context production and provision of services. The mission of the operation management is hence focusing on effective delivery with an aim of ensuring that the company effectively turns inputs to outputs in the best efficient manner that meets the needs of the company. It is hence recommended that the company have an effective and proper schedule that can help in coordinating the operation management functions to work in line with the objectives of the company References Ball, D. R. (2011). Integrating Multiple Sustainability Criteria in Technology, Innovation, and Operations Management Strategic Decisions.Proceedings of the Northeast Business Economics Association, 27-33. Genting Hong Kong Limited. (2017). 1-16. Genting Malaysia Berhad. (2016). 1-18. Genting Singapore PLC. (2015). 1-16. Genting Singapore PLC. (2016). 1-16. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W. (2012). The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,135(2), 687-701. Helleno, A. (2015). Integrating value stream mapping and discrete events simulation as decision making tools in operation management.International Journal Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,80(5-8), 1059-1066. doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7087-1 Kang, N., Zhao, C., Li, J., Horst, J. A. (2016). A Hierarchical structure of key performance indicators for operation management and continuous improvement in production systems.International Journal Of Production Research,54(21), 6333-6350. doi:10.1080/00207543.2015.1136082 Moreno, T. E. (2013). Knowledge Management and Operation Management as Drivers of Competitiveness: Manufacturing SMEs in Guadalajara, Mexico.Competition Forum,11(1), 50-55. Yajie, L., Bo, G. (2016). Model predictive control-based operation management for a residential microgrid with considering forecast uncertainties and demand response strategies.IET Generation, Transmission Distribution,10(10), 2367-2378. doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1127

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Example

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Describe, demonstrate and analyse how listening skills are central to effective communication in social work practice. It is expected that you include your learning from all the role plays reflecting on feedback from the service users/peers and tutors. The following essay intends to describe, demonstrate and analyse the above statement, it will do this by giving definitions and analysis of the communication process, and it will also look at the importance of listening, meaning and interpretation. Also incorporated will be power indifferences within communication as will ethical issues and the use of anti-oppressive practices surrounding communication and social work practice. The essay will incorporate service uses feedback and knowledge gained in communication module classes throughout. To understand communication this essay will first describe the process through a commonly used simple communication model, with its basic elements, the communication source, the encoder, the message, the channel, the decoder, and the communication receiver. [Berlo:1960] a simple model of communication from Shannon and weavers, known as the process school of communication. Their model involved three elements, the transmitter, the person starting the communication process, and in between both of these the noise, any factors that interfere or undermine the communication taking place, this point was raised during service uses feedback in seminars, during a role to play a social worker was fidgeting, this was distracting and a phone rang, this is known as background noise. We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Finally there is the receiver, the person being communicated with. The communication process involves five major elements, the message, the transmission medium, the receiver and the feedback. The message is not the only information sent, it also includes emotions, which is what gives the words meaning, as words do not establish the full meaning or message being sent as interpretation plays a part in understanding meaning. There are three fundamental elements in interpretation, which are, the setting, the service user and the agency. It is my understanding that the relationship of the three elements of interpretation will define what interpretation is, and its importance in reaching the correct interpretation. (Gregory Bateson), anthropologist, stated that every communication sends two messages in unison with the basic message, this is called the Meta message, which is encoded and overlap on to the basic message. This indicates how the message is wished to be received, by using certain words, tone of voice (ect). Communication is a social interaction through messages, however it is a very complex multilevel event, one of Batesons theories on Meta messages, states that communication involves the communication of a relationship. How language is used, the words, tone, delivery of speech and facial expressions, can dramatically influence the way a person interprets the message. Meaning refers to the intention of a speaker to have some effect on the listener, which must be combined with proper conventions which communication realise the intended meaning, (to make clear). There are three major dimensions of meaning: 1. The evaluative dimension, in which receivers express the degree of favourable, or unfavourable ness towards the words. Evaluative scales include, good/bad, valuable/worthless, fair/unfair and honest/dishonest. 2. An activity dimension, is the one which expresses the perceptions of a receiver towards the amount of movement or activity in an object or event. Activity scales include, active/passive, fast/slow, vibrant/still, dynamic/static and varied/repetitive. The potency dimension, which represents the feelings of strength and weakness, that perceived by an individual. Potency scales include, serious/humorous, potent/impotent, strong/weak, heavy/light and hard and soft. [Saeed:215: 1994] These connotative meanings do not mean that people have the same evaluative meanings for words, but they tend to use the same time dimensions to judge words. meaning can refer to interpretation. When dealing with meaning and interpretation with children, they can appear to contradict themselves with the use of language that adults use. This is because they tend to take the adults questions in literal terms, in the feedback from the service users, it was pointed out that asking children how they feel is usually avoided as children have different perceptions of what feel means to adults and it can be a confusing question It also states in a guide interviewing children, that sentence structure is an important factor to consider, it is sometimes assumed that if a child knows all the individual words in the sentence, they therefore understand the whole sentence.

The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World

The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World This article is discussing the trends of courtesy in different parts of the world, and the author examines how humans around the world are cultured (where courtesy is concerned). This is because the article investigates contexts in which courtesy should be shown by people to other people.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main point of this passage is informing people about courtesy in the world. Courtesy is shown more in developed countries than in developing countries. For instance, courtesy is high in America and Europe as compared to Asia and Africa. This passage is organized such that it has an introduction and development of the argument. The passage starts by citing some situations that courtesy is required. Therefore, the reader develops a clue of what will be discussed. The lady in Mexico does not hold open the do or, the sales attendant in Seoul thanks the buyer and a young lady in Toronto stops to help a lady pick her papers. This passage is written such that the tone calls a person to be courteous. The purpose of the passage is to get people to understand the importance of courtesy and act on areas that need one to be courteous. The writer takes a global point of view to show that courtesy should not be restricted to some places only. Courtesy is very important as it makes people live in harmony. The trends of courtesy in a given society affect the courtesy of other people since people follow the norms of the society. Therefore, if people from a certain society are not courteous, the next generation will also not be courteous. This article is very informative. Reading this article will make a person conscious of the importance of courtesy in the world. It will also make a person predict the reception of the people where that person wishes to visit.

Organisational Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Organisational Analysis - Essay Example She meets with an accident, after which she asks Ed Masry, a lawyer to sue the person who hit her. Ed promises her to win the case, but as the only evidence is that of the testimony of Erin herself, the twice-divorced, unemployed single mother stands no chance against a socially respected doctor. In her desperation to find a job, she accuses Ed Masry of failing her and forces him to give a clerk’s job in his own office. Though she lacks the necessary skills and prior experience, she goes about picking her way through the job. While filing papers one day, she comes across a real estate case in Hinkley. What grabs her attention is the fact that there are medical records of the Jensens family amidst the various real estate papers. Taking the permission from Ed to dig further, she goes to Hinkley to meet the family. Her investigations unfold a large conspiracy by the billion dollar company PG&E. The company has been knowingly polluting the area around Hinkley by leaking a toxic chemical called Hexavalent Chromium into the underground water, which causes serious ailments like Cancer. To cover this up, the company had offered to buy the land around Hinkley, thereby resulting in the real estate case of Jensens. It soon becomes apparent to Erin that not just their client, but most of Hinkley’s residents are being affected by Hexavalent Chromium in one way or the other. Erin goes on to persuade Ed and the rest of the neighborhood to take on the mighty corporation through a legal suit. Her determined fight to win the â€Å"largest settlement ever paid in a direct-action lawsuit†, forms the rest of the story. (Litoff 2011). Although the protagonist is not a typical employee nor does the story evolve around a big time organization, it is a story that is based on reality and has all the elements of an organizational life – individual goals and aspirations, social, cultural

The Idea of Property in Land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Idea of Property in Land - Essay Example As a rule, a thing, which is the object of "ownership", refers to property. Actually, one should know that property is not a thing but rather a relationship which is established in the result of property existence. For property, we can relate words, which describe a certain degree of power over some things and resources. In the legal context "usage property is not the land or thing but is in the land or thing"2. We can illustrate the example of a property with the word combination "a proper thing". Â  When someone has particular resources at a particular time it means that a thing owned is of infinitely gradable quality. Actually, interrelated relations define a myriad of property characteristics. Legal rights dictate the rights, which define if the land belongs to our "owners" or "strangers". It is possible to give a straightforward analysis of property in land. It can be claimed vice versa that to identify "property" one requires a certain degree of time and skills. Different perspectives can play a decisive role in legal nature identification. There are different ways of English law context identification and the main roles and models of "property" identification should be taken into account. Under conditions of the common law "property" can be understood as a certain allocation of social utility. The psycho-social nature of "property" understanding can be clarified under conditions of some hypothetical variants. To describe "possession" one can claim the following things: "a conclusion of law defining the nature and status of a particular relationship of control by a person over land"3. Â  

Banking, Corporate Governance and the 2007 Financial Crisis

Banking, Corporate Governance and the 2007 Financial Crisis Throughout the world, by the end of 2008, many banks had seen most of their equity destroyed by the crisis that started in the US subprime sector in 2007. Yet, not all banks across the world performed equally poorly. In this paper, we investigate how banks that performed better during the crisis, measuring performance by stock returns, differed from other banks before the crisis. Academics, journalists, and policy-makers have argued that lax regulation, insufficient capital, excessive reliance on short-term financing, and poor governance all contributed to making the crisis as serious as it was. If these factors did contribute to making the crisis worse, we would expect that banks that were more exposed to these factors performed more poorly during the crisis. We investigate the relation between these factors and the stock return performance of large banks during the crisis, where large banks are defined as banks with assets in excess of $50 billion in 2006. With our definition of la rge banks, 32 countries had at least one large bank and our sample includes 164 large banks from these countries. Many analyses of the crisis emphasize the run on the funding of banks that relied on short-term finance in the capital markets for a substantial fraction of their financing (see, for instance, Adrian and Shin, 2008, Brunnermeier, 2009, Gorton, 2010, and Diamond and Rajan, 2009). We would expect banks that rely on short-term finance before the crisis to perform worse during the crisis. We find that this is the case with two different approaches. First, we find strong evidence that banks that relied more on deposits for their financing in 2006 fared better during the crisis. Second, following Demirg ¨ ucKunt and Huizinga (2010), we use a measure of short-term funding provided by sources other than customer deposits. We show that performance is strongly negatively related to that mea-sure both for the sample of large banks and the sample extended to include large financial institutions that are not depository banks, such as investment banks. These analyses also emphasize how losses fo rce banks to reduce their leverage, perhaps through fire sales of securities, and how this effect is greater for banks with more leverage. We find that large banks with less leverage in 2006 performed better during the crisis. An Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report argues that ‘‘the financial crisis can be to an important extent attributed to failures and weaknesses in corporate governance arrangements’’ (Kirkpatrick, 2008). More recently, the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States concluded that ‘‘dramatic failures of corporate governanceyat many systematically important financial institutions were a key cause of this crisis.’’ (The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, 2011, pp. xvii). Some academic studies also emphasize that flaws in bank governance played a key role in the performance of banks (Diamond and Rajan, 2009, and Bebchuk and Spamann, 2010). The idea is generally that banks with poor governance engaged in excessive risk taking, causing them to make larger losses during the crisis because they were riskier. We use two proxies for governance. The first one is the ownership of the controlling shareholder in 2006. The second one is whether the bank had a shareholder-friendly board. To the extent that governance played a role, we would expect banks with better governance to have performed better. It is generally believed that greater ownership by insiders aligns their incentives more closely with the interests of shareholders. However, a powerful controlling shareholder could use control of a bank to benefit other related entities, so that it is not necessarily the case that greater ownership by the controlling shareholder means better alignment of interests of management with shareholders. Some limited evidence shows that banks with higher ownership by the control-ling shareholder performed better. In contrast, a strong and unambiguous relation exists between the extent to which a board was shareholder friendly in 2006 and a bank’s performance during the crisis. Banks with a share-h older-friendly board performed worse during the crisis. The hypothesis that the crisis resulted from excessive risk taking made possible by poor governance would imply the opposite result, so that our evidence poses a considerable challenge to the proponents of that hypothesis. We also investigate whether banks with better governance were less risky in 2006 and find no evidence supportive of that hypothesis either. Banks with more shareholder-friendly boards had a lower distance to default in 2006 but did not have higher idiosyncratic risk or higher leverage than other banks. Like Laeven and Levine (2009), we find that banks with higher controlling shareholder ownership are riskier, as these banks had greater idiosyncratic risk and a lower distance to default before the crisis. Governance and board characteristics are endogenously determined (see, e.g., Hermalin and Weisbach, 1998). In the context of our study, an important form of endogeneity stressed in the literature seems to have little relevance. Though taking into account the possibility that good governance could be caused by expectations about future outcomes generally is important, the banks with more shareholder-friendly boards are highly unlikely to have had such boards because they anticipated the crisis and expected to require better governance during it. At the same time, the concern that governance is significantly related to performance because it is associated with unobserved bank characteristics is important in the context of our study. In fact, the existence of such a relation is the only way to explain the results we find. In other words, shareholder-friendly boards created more value for shareholders through their decisions before the crisis, but during the crisis these decisions were associated with poor outcomes that could not be forecasted. For this explanation to work, these risks must not have been captured by traditional measures because accounting for these measures does not eliminate the relation between governance and performance we document. An example that could explain what we find is that banks with more shareholder-friendly boards invested more aggressively in highly-rated tranches of subprime securitizations. Such investments did not appear risky in 2006 by traditional risk measures, but they did work out poorly for the banks that made them. An alternative explanation for our results is that certain banks optimally chose more shareholder-friendly governance before the crisis because they were exposed to risks that required more independent board monitoring. With this view, the risks were not chosen by the board but instead led to the choice of a shareholder-friendly board. These risks had adverse realizations during the crisis, but because the banks had a shareholder-friendly board, they performed better than they would have had otherwise. With this explanation, banks with good governance had poor returns because of the risks they had, but they would have had even lower returns had they had worse governance. Governance is negatively related to performance in this case because it is correlated with risks that had adverse realizations, but it led to better performance nevertheless. Though we find some support for the latter explanation, neither explanation is consistent with the view that po or bank governance was a first-order cause of the crisis. We use the 2008 World Bank survey on bank regulation to examine the hypothesis that lax regulation led banks to take excessive risks that caused large losses during the crisis (see, e.g.,Dooley, Folkerts-Landau, and Garber (2009), Stiglitz (2010)). We use indices for the power of the regulators, oversight of bank capital, restrictions on bank activities, and private monitoring of banks. There is no convincing evidence that tighter regulation in general was associated with better bank performance during the crisis or with less risky banks before the crisis. In all our regressions, only the index on restrictions of bank activities is positively related to the performance of banks during the crisis.Barth, Caprio, and Levine (1999) show that the banking system is more fragile in countries where banking activities are more restricted. However, some observers, perhaps most visibly the former chair-man of the Federal Reserve System Paul Volcker, have blamed the difficulties of banks during the crisis on their activities not related to making loans and taking deposits. Though we find that large banks in countries where bank activities were more restricted suffered less from the crisis, no evidence exists that such restrictions made banks less risky before the crisis using common measures of risk. Most likely, therefore, to the extent that restrictions on bank activities are associated with better performance of banks during the crisis, it is because traditional bank activities were less exposed to the risks that turned out poorly during the crisis than were newer or less traditional bank activities. In addition, we find that stronger regulations for bank capital were associated with less risk before the crisis. Given the attention paid to the moral hazard resulting from deposit insurance, we investigate whether banks in countries with a deposit insurance scheme performed worse and find no evidence supportive of this hypothesis. However, banks in countries with formal d eposit insurance schemes had higher idiosyncratic risk before the crisis. If banks are impeded from making loans because of poor financial health, economic growth is weaker. It is therefore important to understand whether the variables that help predict returns during the crisis also help explain loan growth. In a related paper,Cornett, McNutt, Strahan, and Tehranian (2011)find that US banks with more exposure to liquidity risk experienced less loan growth during the crisis. We have a much smaller sample than they have, so that our tests do not have as much power as theirs and are less definitive. Nevertheless, we find evidence that is supportive of their results on an international sample composed of much larger banks than the typical bank in their study. Banks with more shareholder friendly boards have lower loan growth during the crisis. Finally, a strong positive relation exists between loan growth and restrictions on bank activities. We also estimate regressions excluding US banks. With these regressions, we can evaluate whether the worse performers were banks from countries where the banking system was more exposed to the US according to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) statistics. These regressions allow us to assess whether holding US exposures was a contagion channel [see, e.g.,Eichengreen,Mody, Nedeljkovic, and Sarno (2009)for the view that assets were a contagion channel]. We find that banks from countries where the banking system was more exposed to the US performed worse. Our main results hold up in a variety of robustness tests. Our study is limited by the data available. Ideally, we would like to have data on the nature of holdings of securities by banks. However, such data are generally not available. Another limitation of our study is that, in the fall of 2008, countries stepped in with capital injections and other forms of support of banks. Such intervention might have distorted returns. Yet, our results generally hold for returns measured from mid-2007 to just before the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy in September 2008. Moreover, Panetta, Faeh, Grande, Ho, King, Levy, Sigboretti, Taboga, and Zaghini (2009) show that the announcement of rescue packages did not have a positive impact on bank stock prices across countries. We estimate our regression that includes the indicator variable for whether the board is shareholder-friendly for a sample that includes investment banks and other financial institutions not subject to the Basle Accords (i.e., financ ial institutions that do not report Tier 1 capital and are not subject to the regulations forming the basis for our regulatory variables). We find that our results hold for that sample. The paper proceeds as follows. In Section 2,we introduce the data that we use. In Section 3, we examine how the performance of banks during the crisis relates to governance, regulation, balance sheet composition, and country characteristics other than regulation. We also show how these attributes are related to bank risk before the crisis. We conclude in Section 4.